#Environmental contexts free#

Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1972, 11, 801–808. Massed versus distributed repetition of homographs: A test of the differential encoding hypothesis. Statistical theory of spontaneous recovery and regression. American Journal of Psychology, 1961, 74, 80–85.Įstes, W. The influence of syntactical structure on learning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1975, 14, 408–417.Įpstein, W. State-dependent accessibility of retrieval cues in the retention of a categorized list. The effect of a change of background on recall and relearning. New York: Academic Press, 1970.ĭulsky, S. Keppel (Eds.), Norms of word association.

Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1966, 5, 182–187.Ĭramer, P. Some-or-none characteristics of coding behavior. The influence of an audience upon recall. Martin (Eds.), Coding processes in human memory. Stimulus-sampling theory of encoding vartability.

Similarity in stimulating conditions as a variable in retroactive inhibition. A propositional theory of recognition memory. The effect of changed environmental conditions upon the results ot college examinations. In the discussion of these experiments, environmental context is compared with other types of context, and an attempt is made to identify the memory processes influenced by environmental context.Ībernethy, E.

The absence of an environmental context effect on recognition was replicated in Experiment 5, using a cued recognition task to control the semantic encodings of test words.

#Environmental contexts free#

In Experiment 4, subjects given identical input conditions showed strong effects of environmental context when given a free recall test, yet showed no main effects of context on a recognition test. In Experiment 3, recall of categories and recall of words within a category were better for same-context than different-context recall. Experiment 2 showed improvements in cued recall when storage and test contexts matched, using a paradigm that unconfounded the variables of context mismatching and context change. In Experiment 1, variability of input environments produced higher free recall performance than unchanged input environments. It will be very valuable for both qualitative and quantitative researchers and environmental specialists.Five experiments examined the effects of environmental context on recall and recognition. This is the first book to examine this powerful tool, and describe the concepts and procedures of analyzing real-world data using GIS. It will explain why spatial thinking matters and help readers integrate a variety of spatial and other types of data to describe and analyze an event or phenomenon in an environmental context. Spatial Thinking in Environmental Contexts aims to cultivate the spatial thinking 'habit of mind' which is the geographic view on how the world works, including how environmental systems and relationships function, and how we can approach and solve environmental problems using GIS technology.